Grade 5 · Design & Engineering · Lesson 169

Paper Dome Frame

Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle.

Time2 × 45 minutesTeamsPairs; alternate builder and testerEquipmentBasic classroom design materials; no powered equipment

Your project in view

What you are making

Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle.

This generated example illustrates one possible finished design—not actual student work. Use the lesson’s sizes, connected parts and safety steps; your colors and creative details can be different.

Generated finished-project example for Paper Dome Frame: Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle.
Paper Dome Frame · Generated project example

Student directions · Grade 5

What will you make and do?

Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle.

Teacher overview: Students will plan the specific object described below, make and test a first version, then use their results to improve it. Read one step together, demonstrate the unfamiliar action, and let students complete that step before moving on.

  1. 1Plan your project

    Draw a triangle network over the circle and list the two or three strut lengths needed.

  2. 2Make the first parts

    Roll equal paper struts, flatten their ends and join them into repeated triangle units.

  3. 3Put it together

    Connect units around the circle, then bring upper vertices inward without forcing joints.

  4. 4Test it fairly

    Stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials. Record joint failures.

  5. 5Improve one part

    Change one joint overlap, triangle size or base connection and repeat.

  6. 6Show and turn in

    Submit the finished paper dome frame, two labeled ideas and before-and-after evidence. Explain which change the results support.

How will you know it works?

  • Covers the 25 cm circle
  • Stands for one minute with six paper clips
  • Record the stated test and explain one revision

Before you move on

Explain which measurement, input or design choice you are testing. Predict the result and record what stays the same so your comparison is fair.

Machine cutting, printer setup and electrical power-on require adult approval. A basic-materials model is a valid way to demonstrate the design when equipment is unavailable.

Keep your plan, test notes and before-and-after evidence with the printable design brief below. Use the detailed teacher plan and any coding guide for tool instructions. These steps continue across the lesson’s meetings, not all in one sitting.

For teachers

Engineering standards

This shows how the lesson connects to the national NGSS engineering standards and what student work you can collect.

Assessed

3-5-ETS1-1

Define the need in Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle. Agree on the two success checks and the listed material limits.

What students show: Two labeled ideas with the target and limits stated.
Practiced

3-5-ETS1-2

Compare the ideas using the project checks: Covers the 25 cm circle; Stands for one minute with six paper clips.

What students show: A selected design with a reason connected to a success check.
Assessed

3-5-ETS1-3

Test, change one feature and retest: Stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials. Record joint failures. Change one joint overlap, triangle size or base connection and repeat.

What students show: Before-and-after results collected under the same conditions.

Materials

  • Paper strips
  • tape
  • ruler
  • 25 cm circle template
  • paper clips for load test
  • Pencil, planning paper and the printable design brief below

Teacher preparation

  1. Gather per-pair materials: Paper strips; tape; ruler; 25 cm circle template; paper clips for load test.
  2. Make one rough sample and rehearse the exact test: Stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials. Record joint failures.
  3. Set the size, load or distance marks mentioned in the steps before class. Demonstrate an ordinary first attempt, not a perfect model to copy.
  4. Prepare any holes, fasteners or difficult cuts for students. Check the stated safety note and clear the testing space.

Step by step

How to teach it

Meeting 1 · 0–8 min

See the job and plan

  1. Introduce the finished object: Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle.
  2. Draw a triangle network over the circle and list the two or three strut lengths needed.
  3. Students say what would count as a successful result.
Meeting 1 · 8–18 min

Model the unfamiliar action

  1. Demonstrate slowly: Roll equal paper struts, flatten their ends and join them into repeated triangle units.
  2. Pause so partners can repeat the action; provide prepared parts if cutting or folding blocks progress.
Meeting 1 · 18–35 min

Build the first version

  1. Connect units around the circle, then bring upper vertices inward without forcing joints.
  2. Partners swap builder and checker roles halfway through. Check the working part before decorating.
Meeting 1 · 35–45 min

Try once and save

  1. Run one trial of the stated test to locate an obvious problem. Do not count a changed procedure as a fair comparison.
  2. Label and store the model; sketch its current shape and clear the work area.
Meeting 2 · 0–8 min

Predict and set up

  1. Revisit the two success checks. Agree on identical starting conditions and prepare a before/after results table.
Meeting 2 · 8–23 min

Collect evidence

  1. Stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials. Record joint failures.
  2. One student operates while the other records. Swap for a later trial while noting a change of operator if it affects the result.
Meeting 2 · 23–35 min

Change one thing

  1. Change one joint overlap, triangle size or base connection and repeat.
  2. Keep the original results rather than replacing them with only the best attempt.
Meeting 2 · 35–45 min

Explain and clean up

  1. Submit the finished paper dome frame, two labeled ideas and before-and-after evidence. Explain which change the results support.
  2. Collect the brief and results; separate reusable materials and clean the test area.

Assessment

  • Covers the 25 cm circle
  • Stands for one minute with six paper clips
  • Student demonstrates the actual task: Stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials. Record joint failures.
  • Record includes failures as well as successes.
  • Student identifies one changed feature and uses the retest to explain the result.

Supports & extensions

  • Provide a worked first joint or sample; have students record dimensions and explain one comparison limitation.
  • Start with the smallest working version of paper dome frame before decoration.
  • Extension after success: choose one more value for the same tested feature, predict its effect and repeat stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials.

Safety & responsible use

  • Teacher checks materials and test conditions before use. Use classroom scissors; adults prepare difficult cuts, holes and fasteners.
  • No powered tools, coding, hot glue or electrical circuits are required. Keep moving objects contained and test loads light.
  • Keep pieces on the tabletop, do not mouth materials and stop if a part tears into a sharp or loose hazard.

No-machine alternative

Use prepared paper parts, larger pieces or an adult-assisted version of the same build. Keep the functional task: Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle. If physical testing is not possible, label sketches as predictions rather than measured results.

Printable student design brief

The challenge

Build a freestanding dome from rolled-paper struts that covers a 25 cm circle.

Success criteria

  • Covers the 25 cm circle
  • Stands for one minute with six paper clips
  • Record the stated test and explain one revision

Constraints

  • Use only the listed teacher-approved materials
  • Stay within the teacher-set size, load and test-space limits
  • Two 45-minute meetings; keep the first version simple

Engineer’s notes

Who uses this object, and what should it do?
Draw two possible designs. Label the working parts and circle your choice.
Which size, fold, gap or position must you measure or mark?
Before testing, predict what will happen: Stand for one minute and hold six paper clips at the top in three trials. Record joint failures.
Record each trial: condition / expected result / actual result.
Draw the ONE change you made. What stayed the same?
Record the retest. Did the change help, not help, or leave the result uncertain?
Show and explain: one result that supports your conclusion.
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